Understanding Bipolar Disorder: What You Need to Know

Understanding Bipolar Disorder: What You Need to Know

Bipolar disorder is a complex mental health condition marked by extreme mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). It affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves—and can interfere with daily life if left untreated.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar I Disorder: Involves at least one manic episode that may be preceded or followed by depressive episodes.

• Bipolar II Disorder: Involves one or more major depressive episodes and at least one hypomanic episode, but no full manic episodes.

• Cyclothymic Disorder: A milder form with frequent mood swings over at least two years, but not as severe as Bipolar I or II.

Symptoms

• Mania/Hypomania:

  • Elevated mood or irritability

  • Increased energy and activity

  • Decreased need for sleep

  • Impulsive behaviour

• Depression:

  • Persistent sadness or emptiness

  • Fatigue

  • Feelings of worthlessness

  • Difficulty concentrating

  • Suicidal thoughts

💡 Causes and Risk Factors

While the exact cause isn’t fully understood, contributing factors include:

• Genetics: A family history increases risk.

• Brain chemistry: Imbalances in neurotransmitters may play a role.

• Stress or trauma: Significant life changes or trauma can trigger symptoms.

Diagnosis and Treatment

• Diagnosis is typically made by a mental health professional using mood tracking and psychological assessments.

• Treatment Options:

  • Medication: Mood stabilisers, antipsychotics, or antidepressants.

  • Therapy: Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), psychoeducation, and family-focused therapy.

  • Lifestyle: Regular routines, sleep, stress reduction, and support systems.

Living With Bipolar Disorder

Living with bipolar disorder is challenging but manageable. Many people lead fulfilling lives with proper treatment, support, and self-awareness.

Tips:

• Keep a mood journal

• Build a reliable support system

• Stay consistent with medication and appointments

• Know your triggers

Remember: If you or someone you know is struggling, it's important to seek help. You're not alone—and there is support out there.

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